Who was the best Mughal emperor? Part 5: Shah Jahan (reign 1628-1658).

Shah Jahan’s rule is considered as the height of the Mughal empire by many historians. Although his son Aurangzeb expanded the empire to its largest extent, he neglected other elements that made the empire great and successful for such a long time such as the magnificent court, religious tolerance, and sound administrative policies. More about this in the next post.

Shah Jahan was a clever and able ruler who knew how to rule the empire. He rewarded his close advisors, vassals, and important generals well in order to keep them loyal and prevent uprisings. He also profited from the efficient tax system that was set up by Akbar and continued his policy of religious tolerance, albeit quite reluctantly in the beginning. The empire was also expanded by Shah Jahan and some resource rich areas were added.

The coffers of the Mughal empire were filled to the top and Shah Jahan knew exactly what to do with it. He is probably most well known for his building achievements and invested a lot in various building projects such as new schools, mosques, and hospitals. His most grand project was the Taj Mahal, one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. He built this as a tomb for his favourite wife Mumtaz Mahal.

Shah Jahan also splashed the Mughal cash on thousands of diamonds, pearls, and rubies that he used to decorate his throne and other objects. He continued the project of his father Jahangir to add splendour to the Mughal court and make it even more prestigious.  

What is quite special about Shah Jahan’s rule is that he was succeeded by his son while he was still alive. Normally, the sons of the Mughal emperor would fight it out after his death. Shah Jahan became very ill and his sons started fighting. Aurangzeb won the succession war, but Shah Jahan miraculously recovered. For 8 years Shah Jahan was put under house arrest in one of his palaces as he witnessed his son rule. This was not the glorious end he had hoped for. 

Originally posted on Instagram on February 17, 2022