Who was the best Mughal emperor?  Today part 4: Jahangir (reign 1605-1627).

When Jahangir was crowned emperor in 1605, aged 36, he knew he had some pretty big shoes to fill. His father, Akbar, had ruled the Mughal empire for a long time and made it one of the most prosperous and populous states at that time. Jahangir had stood by his father’s side all this time, watched the empire develop and was eager to take over the throne, so eager that he even rebelled against him in 1600. So, how well did he rule after finally becoming emperor?

The name he picked for himself as emperor, Jahangir, showed confidence. Jahangir means ‘world conqueror’. However, he was far from a strong military leader. He did manage to expand the empire, but this was done by his more skilful sons. Jahangir preferred enjoying the palace life than ruling his empire. He did have some ambitious plans but lacked the administrative talent and will to make them a success. This was made worse by his addictions to alcohol and opium.

Jahangir did improve the Mughal empire in one regard. He was very passionate about art and science and invested large sums in it. He wanted the palaces where he spent most of his time enjoying life to look as beautiful as ever and he encouraged court painters to experiment with new styles and techniques. His dedication to art and science increased the prestige, glory, and status of the Mughal court.

Jahangir was a relatively weak ruler who became increasingly unstable towards the end of his rule due to his addictions. This created an opportunity for his last wife, Nur Jahan, to increase her influence. She was determined, clever and wielded an unprecedented amount of power in a male dominated world. Nur Jahan started to function as de facto co-ruler of the Mughal empire, even adding her name to official documents. Jahangir can be credited for trusting Nur Jahan and allowing her to participate in politics.

Although Jahangir was not a great administrator or military leader, under his reign and with guidance from Nur Jahan, the empire was extended, art flourished and there was a long period of peace and prosperity. 

Originally posted on Instagram on February 9, 2022